CRIME AND PUBLIC SECURITY
1. Crime (n): an illegal act or activity
Criminal (adj)
Criminal (n)Synonyms: offender/culprit/perpetrator/convict/inmateE.g. The government should consider the impositions of stringent punishments oncriminals in order to reduce the current crime rate/incidence of crime.E.g. Petty crime which is likely to happen on an increasingly regular basis is morethan just a moral wrongdoing, thus needing stricter penalties.
2. Victim (n): a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of acrime, a disease, an accident…
Victimize (v): make somebody suffer unfairly because you do not like them.
Victimization (n)
E.g. Rape victims often have to suffer from severe trauma and may even considerthe idea of suicide.E.g. Sufficient attention should be paid to victims suffering from post-crimeproblems physically and mentally.
3. Violate (v): to go against or refuse to a law, an agreement… = flout/disobey
Violation (n)
E.g. Moral lessons should be provided at an early age to deter the young from
violating the law and encourage them to do good things against evils.E.g. Prison acts as a deterrent to make people think carefully before violating thelaw.
4. Guilt (n): a feeling of worry or unhappiness that you have because you havedone something wrong; the fact that somebody has done something illegal.
Guilty (adj)
Guiltless (adj)
E.g. The sense of guilt has a deterrent effect on people, impeding them fromflouting the law.
E.g. His guilt was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution.
5. Innocent (adj): not guilty of a crime
Innocence (n)E.g. After thorough investigation, he was ultimately declared innocent by the jury.E.g. The accused person should always be presumed innocent until proved guiltyby conclusive evidence.
6. Offend (v): to make somebody feel upset because you say or do something thatis rude; to commit a crime.
Offender (n)
Offending (adj)
Offense (n)
First-time offender/First offender (n): a person who has been found guilty ofa crime for the first time
Hardened/repeat criminal
E.g. His status as a first-time offender may help him to reduce the penalty.E.g. Despite being a first offender, the cold-blooded criminal deserved a deathpenalty for his appalling murder.
7. Track down/hunt down (v): search for somebody until you find or catch themE.g. The police have tried to track down the notorious gang for a long time but tono avail.E.g. Prompt actions have to be taken so that terrorists will be hunted down,assuring public security.
8. Bring somebody to justice: to arrest somebody for a crime and put them ontrial in courtE.g. Public outrage has been expressed over the fact that the murderer has yet to befound and brought to justice.E.g. It is the police’s duty to hunt the criminals down and bring them to
justice.
9. Imprison (v): to put somebody in a prison
Imprisonment (n)
E.g. The notorious criminal had ultimately been hunted down and sentenced to life
imprisonment for murder.
E.g. The innocent man had suffered false imprisonment for 10 years before thetruth finally came out.
10. Restrict (v): to limit or control something
Restriction (n)
Restrictive (adj)
Restriction (n)
Restrictive (adj)
E.g. The new system of video cameras in public places aims to reduce crime but isbelieved by some people to restrict individual freedom.E.g. Parents should allow children only restricted access to the Internet to reducethe negative influence of violent contents online.
11. Rehabilitate (v): to help somebody to have a normal, useful life again afterthey have been very ill/sick of in prison for a long time.
Rehabilitation (n)
Rehabilitation (n)
E.g. The new proposals involve rehabilitating even more criminals for life afterprison.E.g. The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can leadnormal lives when they leave prison.
12. Lenient (adj): not as strict as expected when punishing somebody
Leniency (n)
Leniently (adv)
Leniency (n)
Leniently (adv)
E.g. A lenient sentence will have little or no effect on the criminals’ incentives toflout the law.E.g. The police and courts may be more lenient with female offenders.
13. Juvenile delinquent (n): a young person (not yet an adult) who is guilty ofcommitting a crime.
Juvenile delinquency (n)
Juvenile delinquency (n)
E.g. Juvenile delinquency has been on the increase due to the insufficient careand attention from parents.E.g. It is believed that juvenile delinquency can be put down to peer associationwith ill-behaved adolescents.
14. Impulsive (adj): acting suddenly without thinking carefully about what mighthappen because of what you are doing
Impulsiveness (n)
Impulsively (adv)E.g. It was his impulsive nature and a complete lack of reasoning power that ledhim into crime.E.g. An impulsive decision may lead to unpremeditated crimes with terribleconsequences.
Impulsiveness (n)
Impulsively (adv)E.g. It was his impulsive nature and a complete lack of reasoning power that ledhim into crime.E.g. An impulsive decision may lead to unpremeditated crimes with terribleconsequences.
15. Threat (n): the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster
Threaten (v)
Threatening/Threatened (adj)E.g. The increasing crime rate poses a significant threat to national and publicsecurity.E.g. Terrorist threat has become a matter of public concern in many societiesrecently after the tragic case of Paris.
Threaten (v)
Threatening/Threatened (adj)E.g. The increasing crime rate poses a significant threat to national and publicsecurity.E.g. Terrorist threat has become a matter of public concern in many societiesrecently after the tragic case of Paris.
16. Deter (somebody) (from something) (v): to prevent someone from doingsomething or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something bymaking it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if theydo it
Deterrent (n) (to somebody/something)
Deterrent (adj): deterrent effect
Deterrence (n)E.g. Financial penalties are applied to deter people from engaging in activitiesagainst the law.E.g. Regulatory bodies must implement harsher punishment to deter corporatecrime such as bribery or air/water pollution.E.g. Longer imprisonment is believed to have a deterrent effect on crime rate.
Deterrent (n) (to somebody/something)
Deterrent (adj): deterrent effect
Deterrence (n)E.g. Financial penalties are applied to deter people from engaging in activitiesagainst the law.E.g. Regulatory bodies must implement harsher punishment to deter corporatecrime such as bribery or air/water pollution.E.g. Longer imprisonment is believed to have a deterrent effect on crime rate.
17. Trauma (n): a mental condition caused by severe shock, especially when theharmful effects last for a long time.
Traumatic (adj)
Traumatically (adv)
Traumatize (v)
E.g. People with childhood trauma of sexual abuse may have to suffer from alifetime of PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), depression and anxiety.E.g. Victims of emotional and physical trauma stand a higher chance ofcontracting autism.
Traumatic (adj)
Traumatically (adv)
Traumatize (v)
E.g. People with childhood trauma of sexual abuse may have to suffer from alifetime of PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), depression and anxiety.E.g. Victims of emotional and physical trauma stand a higher chance ofcontracting autism.
18. Abide by (v): to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, … = complywithE.g. The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene bywhich food production firms must abide.E.g. Defendants have to abide by the definitive decision of the jury.
19. Rampant (adj): existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot becontrolled
Rampantly (adv)E.g. The government must put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued thecountry immediately.E.g. Prompt actions must be taken in no time to deal with the rampant crime inthe society recently.
Rampantly (adv)E.g. The government must put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued thecountry immediately.E.g. Prompt actions must be taken in no time to deal with the rampant crime inthe society recently.
20. Prevent (v): to stop somebody from doing something; stop something fromhappening
Prevention (n)
Preventable (adj)
Preventive/preventative (adj)
Prevention (n)
Preventable (adj)
Preventive/preventative (adj)
E.g. Preventive measures should be implemented immediately to deal with therampant crime.E.g. In the past years, preventative measures have radically reduced the incidenceof crimes in the country.
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